In Arabicshort vowels are not a part of the Arabic alphabet.
They are written as marks over or below the consonants and sometimes over or below a long vowel.
They determine the sound of each consonant and also they have grammatical functions.
To make it easy we will take an example in English. Look at the word MIRANOVA written using Arabic alphabet system: MRNV.
There are three vowels in Arabic language: A, E, U.
These vowels are written either above or below consonants. The vowels are called tashkeel or ḥarakaat in Arabic.
حَرَكَا , تشكيل
The vowels are called tashkeel or ḥarakaat in Arabic. It means movements.
There are three vowels in Arabic language: A, E, U.
SHORT VOWEL FATḤA (ــَ) = A = a dash above the letter. Fatḥa is written as a short, slanted line segment above a consonant. It is pronounced as A in the word caR.
(ــَ)
(ba)
SHORT VOWEL DAMMA(ــُ) = U =a comma shape above the letter. Damma is written above a consonant and it is pronounced as a short vowel U in the word cook.
(ــُ)
(bu)
SHORT VOWEL KASRA(ــِ) = E = a dash under the letter. Kasra is written as a short, slanted line segment below a consonant and it is pronounced as a short vowel E as in the word click, sit or eleven.